Processes for providing images on resin structures

ABSTRACT

A process for printing an image on a surface of a resin member includes providing a transfer medium with an image on one side of the transfer medium, providing a liquid resin, placing the one side of the transfer medium with the image and the liquid resin in contact with each other, and partially curing the liquid resin to form the resin member while maintaining the image of the transfer medium in contact with an image side of the resin member. The process may include placing the liquid resin and/or the transfer medium in a mold for shaping the resin member during curing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/726,727, filed on Mar. 21, 2007 and titled “METHODS FOR APPLYING IMAGES TO RESIN MATERIALS,” the entire disclosure of which is by this reference, incorporated herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to methods and systems for applying images to materials. More particularly, the present invention provides methods and systems for forming images on polymeric substrates and other resin materials during their curing processes.

BACKGROUND

Numerous processes ace currently utilized to apply images to substrates, such as by using masks, etching, photocopying, dye sublimation, dye diffusion thermal transfer, and ink jet, laser, and other printing techniques. The processes are less varied, however, when attempting to apply images to particle-filled resin materials, such as cultured marble. Such composite substrates have become very popular for a variety of home uses, in particular for kitchen and bathroom surfaces because of their strength, durability, resistance to staining, and ease in cleaning.

It has been difficult to apply images deeply and permanently in such polymeric materials. Consequently, image fading from wear or exposure to sunlight has been a major problem. Masking and etching have sometimes been used, but the processes have been expensive and time consuming.

For the most part, the industry has focused on applying images to substrates from a transfer medium having an image thereon in dyes capable of sublimation. In some cases, a substrate is formed and cured before applying the transfer medium. A gel coating may first be applied to a substrate, and the gel coat is also allowed to cure. Then the transfer medium having a image formed by sublimable ink is brought into contact with the substrate or coating, and heat and/or pressure are applied to cause the image to sublimate into the substrate or coating. Commonly, a heat press is used to apply substantial heat and pressure to facilitate the image transfer.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,001,660 (Garitano) discloses an image transfer method using a cured polymeric composite substrate. The substrate is brought into contact with an image transfer medium having an image formed by sublimable ink thereon, while applying heat and/or pressure, U.S. Pat. No. 7,108,890 (Home) discloses applying a polymeric coating to a porous natural or synthetic surface. After the coating has cured, an image of sublimation inks is transferred to the coating from a transfer medium, by sublimation facilitated by heat and pressure, U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2005/0227006 (Segall) discloses applying a gel coat to a substrate of composite material and then transferring an image to the coated composite by sublimation using heat and pressure.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a prior art image transfer process 10 involving polymeric substrate and images formed on substrates or coatings by sublimation through heat and pressure. An image 12 is acquired from various means, such as a photograph or painting, and may be scanned by a scanner 14 into a computer 15 for editing. The computer then prints the image on a transfer sheet 20 with a printer 16 employing dye sublimation inks.

Substrate 23 may be a natural product like stone, masonry, ceramics, marble, or concrete, or a synthetic product such as cultured marble or other polymeric composite material. If substrate 23 is a polymeric composite material, it is produced in a separate molding process (not shown). A liquid resin 26, such as a polyol resin, may be applied to the substrate 23 in any conventional method, such as by brush 28 or spray 30. The resulting coating 24, referred to as a receptor coating, is allowed to cure by drying, hardening, absorbing, or reacting with a catalyst.

Next, the transfer sheet 20 is applied to a surface of the receptor coating 24, and is subjected to heat and pressure by a heat press 22. The heat and pressure cause the ink to sublime into the receptor coating 24 over the sublimation period. The resulting coated substrate has an image 12 imprinted on the receptor coating 24.

The entire process may require several hours of time to cure the polymeric substrate and the coating thereon. In addition, time is required to heat and press the image on the coating and then to cool the substrate and coating. Furthermore, a large and expensive heat press must be used to apply substantial heat and pressure, typically around 300-500° F. and 20-60 psi. The process is also labor intensive, requiring a skilled craftsman to operate the hand press and another craftsman to mix and pour the polymeric substrate and the resin coating. Finally, unless the receptor coating 24 has incorporated therein a UV-resistant material, the resultant image will exhibit poor light-fastness.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a product 28 resulting from the process of FIG. 1. The substrate 23 has a coating 24 with an image 12 impressed thereon. Product 28 may be a polymeric product such as a cultured marble surface in a kitchen or bathroom, a decorative stone, cement or brick surface or wall, a pot or ceramic container, or tiles in the entryway of a home.

These prior art processes tend to be expensive and time consuming. Substantial cure time is required for the composite substrate and the coating before applying the image. Typically a large and expensive heat press is used to apply heat and pressure for the image transfer. Even then, the manufactured article exhibits poor light-fastness, particularly under prolonged exposure to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight, unless a separate UV-protective coating is applied.

This light-fastness weakness is tied directly to the use of dye sublimation inks. As is well known by those familiar with the art of inkjet printing, dyes inherently exhibit poor light-fastness due to the fact that each dye molecule functions to provide color and is therefore exposed to UV radiation. However, dyes must be used for sublimable inks since the particulate property of pigments cannot be maintained during sublimation. Accordingly, this weakness makes dye sublimation inks particularly unsuitable for applications involving cultured marble and some other resin composites, since the areas of use for these materials often expose them to direct sunlight. Therefore, the use of dye sublimation inks requires the application of an additional material to provide UV resistance, which adds time and cost to the production process and reduces the flexibility of the application.

Moreover, the sublimation process is problematic due to the limitations of the dyes and dye colors and the necessity of special transfer materials having dye-acceptable coatings thereon, which add to the total cost of the process. In addition, since heat and pressure are required to drive the sublimation process, the necessity of using heat-resistant substrates has eliminated the use of some, otherwise-desirable materials. For example, the heat required for sublimation typically exceeds the heat distortion temperature limits of some composite materials, such as cultured marble.

In view of the foregoing, it will be appreciated that providing methods for transfer of an image to resin materials without the need for applying heat and/or pressure would be a significant advancement in the art.

SUMMARY

in the present invention, a method of transferring images to a wide range of substrates is provided, in one illustrative embodiment, a transfer medium having an image thereon is placed image up in a mold for forming, polymeric composite substrates. A polyester resin with filler is poured into the mold over the transfer medium. As the polymeric substrate is cured, the image is transferred to the adjacent face of the substrate by chemical absorption. The imaged substrate is then removed from the mold and coated with a clear protective coating over the image.

In another illustrative embodiment, a thin layer of polyester resin is first poured into a mold for forming polymeric composite substrates to form a thin coating layer. A transfer medium having an image thereon is then placed image down in the mold over the coating. The image is transferred to the coating by chemical absorption as the coating cures. The transfer medium is removed from the protective coating to which the ink is now absorbed. A polyester resin with filler, pigment, and initiator is then poured into the mold over the imaged protective coating. The substrate with imaged protective coating is then removed from the mold.

In another illustrative embodiment, a transfer medium having an image on one side is placed in contact with a thin layer of liquid polymer resin. The image side of the transfer medium is brought in direct contact with an adjacent surface of the layer of polymer resin while it is curing, allowing the image to transfer to the polymer resin during the cure stage as the polymer resin becomes a solid resin layer. The transfer sheet is then removed from the substrate, leaving the image on the adjacent surface of the solid resin layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a prior an process for forming an image on a substrate.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a product formed according to the process shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a process for forming an image on a substrate according to one illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of a product formed according to the process shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of another process for forming an image on a substrate according to another illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a product formed according to the process shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of another process for forming an image on a resin layer according to another illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a product formed thereon according to the process shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of another process for forming an image on a resin layer according to another illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a product formed thereon according to the process shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a mold used in connection with the above illustrative embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another mold used in connection with the above illustrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the present methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular configurations, process steps, and materials disclosed herein as such configurations, process steps, and materials may vary somewhat. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

The publications and other reference materials referred to herein to describe the background of the invention and to provide additional detail regarding its practice are hereby incorporated by reference. The references discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.

it must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a liquid resin” includes a mixture of two or more resins, reference to “an image” includes reference to one or more of such images, and reference to “an ink.” includes reference to a mixture of two or more inks.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

in describing and claiming the present invention, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out below.

As used herein, “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “characterized by,” and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. “Comprising” is to be interpreted as including the more restrictive terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of.” As used herein, “consisting of” and grammatical equivalents thereof exclude any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim. As used herein, “consisting essentially of” and grammatical equivalents thereof limit the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic or characteristics of the claimed invention.

In contrast to the prior art process described in the Background, the embodiments of the present invention disclose a much faster, simpler, and less expensive process that is also capable of providing an image with much improved UV resistance. Images are transferred to substrates or coatings for substrates while the substrates or coatings are being formed and/or cured. The chemical absorption process that occurs while a substrate or coating is in a gel state and curing is sufficient to facilitate image transfer at room temperatures without the application of further heat or pressure.

The reasons that image transfer to resin gels works well at room temperatures are not fully understood. However, it is thought that an image on a transfer sheet transfers readily to polymer molecules in a viscous or gel state because the polymer molecules are more mobile than solid state molecules and chemical bonding can be more readily effected. This mobility provides a high degree of bonding between ink and polymer molecules that cannot be achieved with solid molecules in cured materials, unless sublimation ink designs are used, accompanied by substantial heat and pressure. This process is referred to herein as chemical absorption. Other theories that could come into play in this invention are the likelihood of diffusion and/or solvation. There could be some diffusion of an image into the resin gel occurring because of a relatively high solvent content of the gel. In addition, the solvent content of the resin gel may cause a dissolving or swelling of the ink-receptive coating on the transfer sheet, thus weakening the coating and facilitating image transfer to the gel coat layer. The foregoing theories are conjecture and have no effect on the scope of this patent application. As used herein, the term “liquid resin” refers to a resin in various stages of curing from a pure liquid to a gel form and may include filler and/or reinforcement.

Image transfer is accomplished without sublimation, opening up the use of less expensive inks also providing improved light-fastness (such as solvent- or aqueous-based pigment inkjet inks) for the images. Thus, images are transferred quickly and inexpensively to substrates and coatings at room temperature using relatively inexpensive materials and yielding a higher quality product. Images are transferred to resin layers that can be easily applied to any structure or surface.

Transferring Images to Substrate. Referring now to FIG. 3, one embodiment of the present invention is shown. An image transfer process 50 involves acquiring an image 52 from various means such as a camera 54, and inputting the image 52 into a computer 56 directly or through a scanner. The computer 56 may be used to process and edit the image before printing a reverse image (or mirror image) to transfer sheet 60 using a wide-format inkjet type printer 58 employing any suitable type of ink, including pigmented inkjet inks.

The transfer sheet 60 is then laid face up in a mold 62. Various means, such as vacuum or taping, may be used to secure the transfer sheet 60. A liquid matrix 80 may be formed, for example, by combining a polyester resin 70, an inorganic filler 72, a pigment 74, and an initiator 76, which is then poured over the transfer sheet 60 in mold 62. The liquid matrix 80 cures through chemical cross-linking, and the pigmented ink of image 52 in transfer sheet 60 is absorbed during the cure of liquid matrix 80 onto an adjacent surface 82 of the now-solid matrix 80, apparently using a process of chemical absorption.

The cured or curing substrate is removed from the mold at any selected time, and the transfer sheet 60 is removed from surface 82. Further curing may be carried out, as needed. The imaged surface 82 is then covered with a top coat 84 to provide protection from scratching and wearing. Note that the top coat 84 does not need to provide UV resistance for pigmented inks, as would be the case if dye-based inks were used to form the image on transfer sheet 60.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a product 90 resulting from the process of FIG. 3. The substrate 80 has an image 52 impressed on its surface 82, with a protective coating 84 coating the surface 82. The final polymeric product 90 may have a variety of uses and applications, including for trims, jambs, curbs, and sills.

Transferring Images to Substrate Coating. Looking next at FIG. 5, another embodiment of the present invention is shown. As in FIG. 3, an image transfer process 100 involves acquiring an image 102 from various means such as a camera 104, and inputting the image into a computer 106 directly or through a scanner. The computer 106 may be used to process and edit the image before printing an image to transfer sheet 110 using a wide-format inkjet type printer 108 employing any suitable kind of ink, including pigmented inkjet inks.

Next, a mold 112 is covered with a thin layer of liquid resin, which may be called a gel coat 114, by spraying, pouring or brushing resin 116 therein. At any desired point, while the coat 114 is still curing, the transfer sheet 110 is laid face down in mold 112 so that the image 102 is in contact with the curing gel coat 114. Again, the image 102 is transferred to the gel coat 114, apparently by a process of chemical absorption. The transfer sheet 110 is then removed from mold 112.

A liquid matrix 130 is formed by combining, for example, a polyester resin 120, an inorganic filler 122, a pigment 124, and an initiator 126. The liquid matrix 130 is then poured over the gel coat 114 in mold 112. The liquid matrix 130 solidifies through chemical cross-linking, and is integral with gel coat 114.

In contrast to the process 50 shown in FIG. 3, the current process 100 forms a clear top coat 114 in the mold 112 before forming the matrix 130. Accordingly, the matrix 130 is removed from mold 112 with coating 114 already covering matrix 130. Since the image 102 is on the backside of the top coat 114, the image 102 is also protected from scratching and wearing by the top coat 114. Moreover, in the event that the image 102 was formed from pigmented inks, top coat 114 does not need to provide UV resistance.

FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of a product 140 resulting from the process of FIG. 3. The substrate 130 is integral with a protective coating 114. The image 102 is impressed on the backside of gel coat 114, which serves as a protective coating over the image 102 and the now-solid matrix 130. As with the product 90 in FIG. 4, product 140 may be a polymeric product with a variety of uses and applications, including as panels for nib surrounds, shower enclosures, and wainscoting.

Transferring Images to Resin Layer. Looking now at FIG. 7, another embodiment of the present invention is shown, using a process 200 in which an image is applied to a resin layer on a film mold. As in FIGS. 3 and 5, an image is obtained, edited, and printed on a transfer sheet. In this case, a mold may be only a sheet of simple uncoated film 202, possibly having a thin framework around the film (not shown).

The film 202 is first partitioned in some manner, such as by using tape or strips of plastic. Film 202 is then covered with a thin layer of liquid resin 204 by pouring from a container 206, or by spraying, brushing or other means. At some point in the curing process, when the resin layer 204 reaches an appropriate viscosity, a transfer sheet 206 is applied to the resin layer 204 with a design 208 being laid face down in contact with the resin layer 204.

As the resin layer 204 cures, the design 208 is transferred to the resin layer 204, apparently by the process of chemical absorption. The transfer sheet 206 is then carefully removed from resin layer 204, revealing the transferred design 208 on the resin layer 204. The printed resin layer 204 will remain pliable for some period of time, making it easy to trim or cut with a simple knife 210 for various applications.

FIG. 8 shows a cross-section of a cured resin product 220 resulting from the process of FIG. 7. The film 202 has the layer of resin 204 thereon with the design 208 integral with the resin layer 204. The resin may be applied while still in its gel state directly to a substrate. Alternately, the resin layer may be applied to a substrate later with various adhesives. The film 202 may then be stripped from the resin layer 204. The result is a thin durable cured resin layer 204 having a design thereon and mounted on a substrate. The resin layer serves as a protective coating over the design, protecting it from surface abrasion and, if necessary, UV damage.

Accordingly, product 220 has a wide variety of uses and applications and may be affixed to many different materials, including stone, wood, composites, metal, cement, brick, and glass, for many decorative purposes. Resin strips may also be used for covering exposed strip surfaces after cutouts were made in various substrates. The resin strips may be cured in a hardened form or may remain flexible until final application. Alternately, a resin sheet made according to this method may be used to overlay any type of surface.

Looking now at FIGS. 9 and 10, a further alternative embodiment is shown. This method 230 is similar to the method 200 described with respect to FIG. 7 above, except that the same or different images may be transferred to both sides of a resin layer, so that the final product may be affixed to selected clear surfaces, such as glass or plastic such as acrylic sheeting. As in FIGS. 3 and 5, an image is obtained, edited, and printed on a transfer sheet. In this case, a mold may be only a sheet of simple uncoated film 232, possibly having a thin framework around the film (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 9, a transfer sheet 234 having a design 236 thereon is placed on a thin uncoated film 232 with the design 236 facing up. Next, a liquid resin 240 is poured from a container 238 onto the transfer sheet 234, covering the design 236. The resin layer 240 is allowed to partially cure while in contact with the design 236. Then, at a selected time, another transfer sheet 242 may be applied to top side 241 of resin layer 240 with a second design 244 face downward to come into contact with top side 241. The second design 244 may be the same as the design 236 of transfer sheet 234, or it may be a different design.

At a selected time, the transfer sheet 242 is peeled off the resin layer 240 leaving a design 244 on the top side of the final resin layer 240. Likewise, as shown in FIG. 10, the thin film 232 and the transfer sheet 234 are peeled off the underside of resin layer 244, exposing design 236 embedded in the underside of resin layer 240.

The final product 246 is best seen in FIG. 10, as a resin layer 240 having a design 244 embedded in the top face of resin layer 240 and another design 236 embedded in the bottom face of resin layer 240. Product 246 may remain flexible in order to adhere to various surfaces, in numerous different applications, including as a two-sided design strip or layer to cover part or all of a glass or acrylic window or wail, so that the designs on both sides of the strip pr layer are displayed.

As used herein, the term “mold” may take many shapes and forms. The term includes, without limitation, a table with sides, a deeper mold for various specialty items, and a flat surface or film that may or may not be framed in some manner to define a mold area.

Referring now to FIGS. 11-12, examples are shown of various types of molds that can be used in the above processes according to the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a panel mold 250 having aluminum bars 252 and four glass tables 254. The mold is relatively shallow since the panel thickness is small compared to the other dimensions. The glass tables 254 provide a smooth glossy finished surface. Liquid resin is poured on the glass tables, before or after a transfer sheet with a design is positioned thereon, depending on the process being used. FIG. 12 shows a mold 260 for a shower floor. Textured black slate Pionite tables 262 are provided with aluminum bars 264 on the sides. The mold 260 provides shape and texture for the shower floors.

Materials

There are many materials that may be used as substrates in connection with the present invention. Natural materials, such as wood and stone, may be used only with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7-8, which involve creating an imaged resin layer that may then be affixed to objects. In the embodiments shown and described in FIGS. 3-6, the processes involve preparing a substrate by pouring a liquid matrix into a mold.

For substrates, various types of polymeric materials are available typically utilizing various types of resin matrix and filler. The resin may be a polyester-type resin, and the filler may be of calcium carbonate, alumina tri-hydrate (ATH), similar inorganics, or fiberglass. In the construction industry, cultured marble is used in many applications, particularly in kitchens, baths, and entryways, to achieve a marbled look. Cultured marble is made by combining a matrix of specially formulated resin, ground calcium carbonate (limestone), powder pigments for color, and a hardening agent, such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), acetyl acetone peroxide (AAP), or similar curing agent.

Other materials that may used as substrates and/or coatings include phenolic mixtures, melamine formaldehyde, unsaturated polyesters, vinyl esters, epoxies, cross-linkable acrylics, and polyurethanes. In addition other thermo-set resins may be used, depending upon their properties, in addition to thermoplastic resins, which are applied as melts or solutions. These thermoplastic resins may include, but are not limited to, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, nylon, polystyrene, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA or acrylics), and polycarbonates. Clear coat materials may be various types of resins having the capability to provide protection from sunlight fading, water resistance, color-fastness, stain resistance, wear and cleanability, and chemical resistance.

Transfer media for use in the present invention include paper, vinyl, fabric, and polymeric film. For forming an image on transfer media, sublimation dyes of all types may be used, which vaporize when heated. However, in the present invention, image transfer is accomplished without elevated temperatures. Accordingly, any ordinary ink may also be used, such as solvent-based pigment inkjet inks, solvent-based dye inkjet inks, aqueous-based pigment inkjet inks, aqueous-based dye inkjet inks, dye diffusion thermal transfer inks, chemical toner, thermal wax transfer inks, and the like.

Example 1

In this example, the process described above with respect to FIG. 5 was used. All activities were conducted at room temperature, between 65-75° F. The mold or table surface was cleaned and prepared. The surface was framed off to the dimensions of the selected part, using layers of tape or adhesive strips to achieve a height of 35-40 mils. A solid surface polyester resin was mixed with MEKP initiator, 3% by weight. The liquid resin was poured into the framed area of the table and vibrated to release trapped air. The liquid resin was allowed to set for 11-15 minutes until the resin began to gel.

A printed transfer medium having a pigment ink design thereon was laid face down on the gel resin, and the air bubbles were pushed out with a smoothing bar as the medium made contact with the resin. The medium was allowed to remain on the resin gel for 20-40 minutes. Separate test strips were used to determine when absorption was complete. The medium was carefully peeled off the resin.

The printed resin was then ready to serve as a coating for a substrate. A cultured marble matrix was mixed, comprising resin, inert calcium carbonate filler, pigment, and initiator. The matrix was allowed to gel for 20-28 minutes. The finished product was removed from the table and post-cured for an hour at 180° F. to enhance hardness and stain resistance of the top coat.

Example 2

In this example, the process described above with respect to FIG. 7 was used. All activities were conducted at room temperature, between 65-75° F. An uncoated gloss finish film was placed on a flat surface. The selected size of the resin layer was framed up with tape of thin strips until it achieved a thickness of 35-40 mils. Resin was mixed with an initiator and poured onto the framed area. The initiator was about 3% by weight, causing, the resin layer to begin to gel in about 11 to 15 minutes.

A printed film with a pigment ink design thereon was placed face down on the gel surface. The printed film was left on the resin gel for about 20 to 40 minutes. Test strips were used on extra resin to determine the optimal point of absorption. When absorption was complete, the film was carefully pulled back from the resin surface.

The printed resin surface with the uncoated film backing was cut into strips of varying sizes. The pliable snips were applied to a substrate, and the film backing was released, leaving a glossy finished surface with an ink image embedded about 35-49 mils behind the surface of the coating, protecting the image from abrasion.

Advantages and Applications

From the foregoing description, the advantages of the various embodiments of the present invention can be seen. By applying image transfer media to polymeric substrates and polymer coatings, one can cause the transfer of images directly to substrates and coatings using chemical absorption characteristics that are evident during the curing processes. Accordingly, expensive and cumbersome heat presses and other means of applying heat and pressure to the transfer media are not needed.

Moreover, expensive sublimation inks and their associated specialty coated receptive materials are not needed. Instead, inexpensive solvent- or aqueous-based inks may be used to apply images to generic, inexpensive transfer media. If pigmented inks are chosen, the need for UV-resistant coatings is mitigated, thus reducing the number of requirements placed on the protective overcoat. If dye-based inks are chosen, UV-resistant materials may be incorporated into the protective overcoat as the application allows. In either case, the protective overcoat provides oxidation protection to the image, along with improved aesthetics.

The number of manufacturing steps and the time required for making prior art imaged structures are substantially reduced, since the imaging and curing processes may be simultaneously carried out. In addition, the manufacture of thin imaged resin layers opens up many additional applications to many natural and man-made materials.

Because the transfer of the image is by chemical absorption, a larger variety of printing substrates are possible than in other printing-transfer methods. Hence, printing need not be restricted to the often expensive limited set of printing substrates that are required in other printing-transfer methods.

The ability to use chemical transfer broadens the variety of inks available for use. This reduces cost and allows for changes in ink and printing technology which are likely to give even further improvements in the print quality available.

Many applications are available for the present invention. In homes, the materials may be used for kitchen and bathroom surfaces, such as countertops, vanity tops, sinks, bathtubs, showers, tub splashes, window sills, architectural surfaces, picture substrates and frames, bathroom implements, soap dishes, shower seats, shampoo shelves, and the like. In addition, the materials of the present invention may be applied to entryway structures, walls and other surfaces, table and desk tops, and visual display surfaces such as signage, artwork, murals, and award and recognition items.

Furthermore, since the print-transfer can be done with a variety of resins and is independent of the materials that might be used to back the resin, this technology can be used for fiber reinforced products such as, to name only a few, wall panels, boats, tubs and showers, architectural forms (such as columns, facades, etc.), sporting goods to which a design or a logo might be attached, and even aerospace products wherein a design or other printed coating would be desirable.

This method of print-transfer also provides a means of enhancing or replacing normal painting processes. Instead of painting a polymeric surface, that surface can be achieved by print-transferring the color (which could include a pattern) onto the polymeric surface and therefore avoid the need for additional painting. This process has the advantage of protecting the colored/printed surface by a layer of resin. Thus, for example, with airplanes, the use of a polymeric surface prepared according to the present invention may eliminate the need for paint, resulting in a weight reduction and lower maintenance.

Although the above embodiments are representative of the present invention, other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification and the appended claims, or from a practice of the embodiments of the disclosed invention. It is intended that the specification and embodiments therein be considered as exemplary only, with the present invention being defined by the claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed:
 1. A process for forming a panel with an image, comprising: printing an image onto a transfer medium with an organic solvent-based ink including a colored pigment or an organic solvent-based dye; placing a topcoat resin in liquid form and a catalyst for the topcoat resin on a smooth glass surface bounded by a framework, within a receptacle defined by the smooth glass surface and the framework, to define an image topcoat of a panel, the smooth glass surface defining a smooth texture of the outer surface of the image topcoat; after the topcoat resin has at least partially polymerized, but before the topcoat resin has fully cured and while the topcoat resin remains tacky, placing the image and portions of the transfer medium bearing the image into contact with a rear surface of the image topcoat, on an opposite side of the image topcoat from the outer surface; while the transfer medium bearing the image contacts the rear surface of the image topcoat, continuing to cure the topcoat resin at substantially ambient temperature and substantially ambient pressure to bond the image to the rear surface of the image topcoat; after the image has bonded to the rear surface of the image topcoat, removing the transfer medium from the rear surface of the image topcoat to expose the image; and with the image exposed, applying a substrate resin onto the image and the rear surface of the image topcoat to form a substrate, with the image located between the image topcoat and the substrate resin.
 2. A process for forming a panel with an image, comprising: placing a topcoat resin in liquid form and a catalyst for the topcoat resin on a surface to define an image topcoat of a panel, the surface including a texture for defining a texture of the outer surface of the image topcoat; after the topcoat resin has at least partially polymerized, but before the topcoat resin has fully cured and while the topcoat resin remains tacky, placing an image and portions of a transfer medium bearing the image into contact with a rear surface of the image topcoat, on an opposite side of the image topcoat from the outer surface; while a transfer medium bearing the image contacts the rear surface of the image topcoat, continuing to cure the topcoat resin at substantially ambient temperature and substantially ambient pressure to bond the image to the rear surface of the image topcoat; after the image has bonded to the rear surface of the image topcoat, removing the transfer medium from the rear surface of the image topcoat to expose the image; and with the image exposed, applying a substrate resin onto the image to form a substrate, with the image located between the image topcoat and the substrate resin.
 3. The process of claim 2, wherein placing the topcoat resin on the surface comprises placing the topcoat resin on a smooth surface, the smooth surface defining a smooth surface of the outer surface of the image topcoat.
 4. The process of claim 3, wherein placing the topcoat resin on the smooth surface comprises placing the topcoat resin on a surface of glass.
 5. The process of claim 2, wherein placing the topcoat resin on the surface comprises placing the topcoat resin on a textured surface.
 6. The process of claim 2, wherein placing the topcoat resin on the surface comprises placing the topcoat resin on a partitioned surface.
 7. The process of claim 2, wherein placing the topcoat resin on the surface comprises placing the topcoat resin on a surface bounded by a framework, the topcoat resin being placed within a receptacle defined by the framework.
 8. The process of claim 7, wherein applying the substrate resin comprises applying the substrate resin within the receptacle defined by the framework.
 9. The process of claim 2, further comprising: printing the image onto the transfer medium.
 10. The process of claim 9, wherein printing comprises defining the image from an organic solvent-based ink including a colored pigment.
 11. The process of claim 9, wherein printing comprises defining the image from an organic solvent-based dye.
 12. A process for applying an image on a surface of a resin member, comprising: providing a partially cured image topcoat for a panel, the image topcoat including a outer surface and a rear surface opposite from the outer surface; after providing the partially cured image topcoat, placing an image disposed on one side of a first transfer medium into contact with the rear surface of the image topcoat, a tackiness of a material of the image topcoat at the rear surface securing the image to the rear surface; and with the image in place on the rear surface of the image topcoat, further curing the material of the image topcoat while simultaneously bonding the image to the rear surface of the image topcoat, the further curing and the simultaneously bonding occurring at substantially ambient temperature and substantially ambient pressure to further define the image topcoat, the image and the rear surface of the image topcoat configured to receive a substrate.
 13. The process of claim 12, wherein providing the partially cured image topcoat comprises providing a partially cured image topcoat with an outer surface that is smooth.
 14. The process of claim 12, wherein providing the partially cured image topcoat comprises providing a partially cured image topcoat with an outer surface that is textured.
 15. The process of claim 12, wherein providing the partially cured image topcoat comprises providing a partially cured image topcoat with an outer surface that is partitioned.
 16. The process of claim 12, wherein providing the partially cured topcoat image comprises the partially cured topcoat image in a panel mold, with the outer surface disposed against a surface of the panel mold.
 17. A process for applying an image to a surface of a resin member, comprising: first, placing a liquid coating resin and a catalyst for the liquid coating resin on a smooth table or mold surface for defining a smooth image topcoat of a resin member, the smooth image topcoat having a smooth front surface formed by the smooth table or mold surface; after the coating resin has at least partially polymerized, while the coating resin remains tacky, and before the smooth image topcoat has fully cured, placing a transfer medium bearing an image on a rear surface of the smooth image topcoat, opposite the smooth front surface; establishing contact between the image and the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat; once contact between the image and the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat has been established, at least partially curing the smooth image topcoat at substantially ambient temperature and substantially ambient pressure with the image of the transfer medium in contact with the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat to bond the image to the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat; after the image has bonded to the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat, removing the transfer medium from the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat to expose the image; with the image exposed, applying a liquid substrate resin onto the image to form a substrate of the resin member, with the image located between the smooth image topcoat and the substrate; curing the liquid substrate resin to further define the resin member; and once the liquid substrate resin has cured, removing the resin member from the table or mold.
 18. A process for defining an image topcoat for a resin member, comprising: providing a partially cured image topcoat disposed within a mold, the mold comprising a table or mold surface with a framework around it for shaping the image topcoat, the image topcoat including a rear surface and an outer surface opposite from the rear surface and having a texture defined by the table or mold surface; after providing the partially cured image topcoat, placing an image disposed on one side of a first transfer medium into contact with the rear surface of the image topcoat while material of the image topcoat at the rear surface is partially cured and tacky; with the image in place on the rear surface of the image topcoat, further curing the image topcoat while simultaneously bonding the image to the rear surface of the image topcoat, the further curing and the simultaneously bonding occurring at substantially ambient temperature and substantially ambient pressure to further define the image topcoat, the image and the rear surface of the image topcoat configured to be secured to a substrate; and applying the image topcoat to a resin member, with the rear surface of the image topcoat disposed against the resin member.
 19. A process for applying an image to a surface of a resin member, comprising: first, placing a transfer medium with an image on one side thereof on a tacky rear surface of a partially cured coating resin in a mold, wherein the mold comprises a smooth table or mold surface with a framework around it to define a mold area, for containing and shaping the coating resin into a smooth image topcoat with a smooth front surface formed by the smooth table or mold surface and so that the image on the transfer medium is in contact with a rear surface of the smooth image topcoat; after the image on the transfer medium is in contact with the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat, further curing the partially cured coating resin at substantially ambient temperature and substantially ambient pressure to further define the smooth image topcoat and to bond the image to the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat; with the image bonded to the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat, removing the transfer medium from the smooth image topcoat; applying a substrate to the rear surface of the smooth image topcoat and to the image to further define a resin member; and removing the smooth image topcoat or the resin member from the mold, a smoothness of the smooth front surface of the smooth image topcoat being defined by the smooth table or mold surface.
 20. A process for applying an image to a surface of a resin member, comprising: first, placing a liquid coating resin in a mold, the mold comprising a table or mold surface with a framework around the table or mold surface for defining a mold area, and for shaping an image topcoat while curing the liquid coating resin; with the coating resin in the mold, partially curing the coating resin to form the image topcoat; before the coating resin of the resin member has fully cured, placing an image carried by a transfer medium into contact with a tacky rear surface defining an image side of the image topcoat; while maintaining the image in contact with the image side of the image topcoat, further curing the coating resin to bond the image to the image side of the image topcoat; once the image has bonded to the image side of the image topcoat, removing the transfer film from the image and from the image side of the image topcoat, the image substantially remaining on the image side of the image topcoat; and after removing the transfer film, applying a substrate over the image side of the image topcoat and securing the substrate to the image before the liquid coating resin of the image topcoat is fully cured to form an image-bearing panel, a front surface of the image-bearing panel being defined by the resin member, a front surface of the image-bearing panel having a texture defined by the table surface of the mold; and removing the image-bearing panel from the mold. 